Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition in female patients associated with enlarged ovaries as well as a lack of ovulation and an overproduction of male sex hormones.
About Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Androgens and estrogens are the two major classes of sex hormones your body produces. Individuals assigned male at birth typically produce higher levels of androgens, and individuals assigned female at birth have higher estrogen levels. While the exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown, the condition often involves elevated androgen levels in female patients.
The name “polycystic ovary syndrome” does not refer to large ovarian cysts but rather to polycystic ovaries, a common characteristic of PCOS in which ovarian follicles are enlarged and do not readily release eggs.
Many patients with PCOS experience insulin resistance or other metabolic irregularities. The condition can also increase your likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep apnea, or cancer.
Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
The varying symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome are caused by hormonal imbalances and/or resulting metabolic abnormalities. Symptoms typically first emerge in your teens or early 20s.
Symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome may include:
- Acne
- Alopecia (excessive hair loss)
- Hirsutism (excessive body hair)
- Infertility
- Menstrual irregularity
- Weight gain
Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome is thought to affect 6-10% of the female population. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to condition onset.
Risk factors for polycystic ovary syndrome may include:
- Comorbid conditions: Diabetes (Type 1, Type 2, and gestational) and epilepsy are associated with a higher prevalence of PCOS
- Family history
- Personal history: While PCOS often is related to weight gain, obesity can aggravate the condition and an active lifestyle can help you manage symptoms
Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at UT Medicine
There is no cure for polycystic ovary syndrome, but medication can be used to manage the condition. Oral contraceptive medication can regulate your menstrual cycle and hormone levels. Another medication, spironolactone, can block androgens from acting on cells. Additionally, lifestyle changes may be recommended to alleviate your symptoms. Your doctor will work with you to determine the best course of treatment.
