Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the head of the upper arm bone is forced out of the shoulder socket due to injury or overuse.

About Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the head of the upper arm bone is forced out of the shoulder socket. This can happen following sudden injury or from overuse. Once the ligaments, tendons and muscles around the shoulder become loose or torn, dislocations can occur. When the shoulder is loose and slips out of place repeatedly, it is called chronic shoulder instability.

Depending on the severity of your injury and your activity level, nonsurgical treatment may be the best option to relieve pain and improve function, however, if improvement does not occur surgical treatment may be required. Our orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine providers work with you on developing a specialized treatment plan with your goals in mind with a team dedicated to helping you every step of the way.

Symptoms of Shoulder Instability

Common symptoms of chronic shoulder instability include:

• Pain caused by a shoulder injury
• Persistent sensation of the shoulder feeling loose, slipping in and out of the joint, or just “hanging there”
• Repeated instances of the shoulder giving out
• Repeated shoulder dislocations

Risk Factors for Shoulder Instability

Certain people are at greater risk for shoulder instability.

Risk factors for shoulder instability may include:

• Age: Shoulder instability is more common among people under 40.
• Personal history: Injuries that cause shoulder instability are more common in contact sports.
• Sex: Men are more likely to experience recurrent shoulder dislocations following an initial injury.

Treating Shoulder Instability at UT Medicine 

Upon evaluation of your shoulder, your medical provider will discuss nonsurgical treatment option as an initial approach to healing the joint and improving function. These options often include activity modifications and rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen, physical therapy and strengthening exercises. In rare cases, arthroscopic surgery may be suggested as a treatment option if your shoulder pain and function do not improve. Your care team will walk you through the risks and benefits as well as what to expect throughout your recovery process.